Which is better in power generation by deepSeek, TOPCon or BC?
Recently, the discussion about the advantages of TOPCon and BC in power generation has been heated. DeepSeek, a popular AI tool on the Deep Thinking Platform, relies on an industry database with trillion-level parameters and a dynamic learning model. So how does it view the power generation of these two technologies in large-scale base scenarios? Let’s take a look.
Q1: In large-scale base scenarios, which TOPCon or BC module has better power generation?
This is one of the most basic question to know the advantages of TOPCon and BC in power generation. In response to this question, we ask DeepSeek. DeepSeek first compared the core characteristics of TOPCon and BC modules as a whole. It pointed out that TOPCon is superior to BC in terms of bifaciality and mass production costs.
According to the instructions, DeepSeek analyzed the adaptability of large-scale base scenarios to the needs of TOPCon and BC components. It also believed that TOPCon has stronger adaptability, which is mainly reflected in the following aspects:
① Gains brought by bifaciality: TOPCon bifaciality is at least 15%-20% higher than BC. With high bifaciality, the back power generation gain is significant, increasing the single-watt power generation by more than 1.5%. This is seen especially in highly reflective environments such as sand and snow. While the BC battery electrodes are all placed on the back, the metal grid line blocks the back light transmittance, and the back power generation gain is very limited.
② Low LCOE: TOPCon is mature in mass production and its cost is close to PERC. This is suitable for large-scale deployment. While BC has a slight advantage in efficiency, the high cost of BC components will offset or even exceed this advantage.
③ Stronger ecological reliability: TOPCon has strong process compatibility and a mature upstream and downstream ecological chain. This makes it easier to ensure the reliability of large-scale projects. While BC has a complex structure and its product yield is not as good as TOPCon. This may affect long-term stability.
DeepSeek’s conclusion is obvious: TOPCon has better comprehensive power generation in large ground power stations. This is because its high bifaciality, low cost, and mature mass production capabilities. And is more suitable for large-scale bases than BC. DeepSeek also pointed out that TOPCon has more significant advantages and more obvious gains, especially in highly reflective areas.
Q2: Which one has a higher power generation advantage in bifacial scenarios, TOPCon or BC? Currently, 70% of the scenarios in the world are bifacial scenarios
DeepSeek first identified the key factors of bifacial scenarios, including component bifaciality, temperature coefficient, back gain, etc. Currently, more than 70% of the global application scenarios are based on bifacial power generation. According to the latest data from the authoritative third party InfoLink, the global bifacial scenario will account for 86~88% from 2025 to 2028, close to 90%. Therefore, in bifacial scenarios, the overall power generation advantage of TOPCon components is significantly higher than that of BC components.
DeepSeek pointed out that the bifaciality is the core driving force. This determines the ability of the back of the component to utilize the reflected light from the environment. The bifaciality of TOPCon is much higher than that of BC components. Under the same reflection conditions, the power generation gain of the back of TOPCon components is more than 1.5% higher than that of BC. DeepSeek emphasized that the high bifaciality of TOPCon brings about a large back gain. Even if the single-sided efficiency of BC is slightly higher, the comprehensive power generation of TOPCon is greater than that of BC.
DeepSeek particularly emphasizes the universality of TOPCon in high, medium and low reflection scenarios. In areas with a reflectivity of ≥30% such as deserts and snow: TOPCon has significant back-side gain and the greatest advantage in power generation. In medium and low reflection scenarios (grassland, land, reflectivity 10%-20%): BC’s single-sided efficiency advantage may partially offset the bifaciality disadvantage, but the proportion of high-reflection areas in global bifacial scenarios is higher (such as large photovoltaic bases in the Middle East and northwest China), and TOPCon still has an advantage.
DeepSeek also analyzed the limitations of BC components, mainly including the low bifaciality due to BC’s own structural limitations and the difficulty in changing it. The mass production cost of BC is much higher than TOPCon. Also the back-side power generation in bifacial scenarios is significantly lower than TOPCon. This is resulting in BC’s low cost per kilowatt-hour in projects. DeepSeek clearly stated that TOPCon is the absolute mainstream in bifacial scenarios. It also recommended the use of TOPCon components in large projects dominated by bifacial scenarios.
DeepSeek’s conclusion is consistent with the conclusions of authoritative third parties: the Zhangbei demonstration project led by the State Grid Jibei Wind, Solar, Storage and Transmission Company showed that during the test period from December 2024 to February 2025. The average single-watt power generation of Trina Solar’s Supreme N-type TOPCon modules was 3.61%-4.17% higher than that of BC modules.The recent demonstration of the National Photovoltaic and Energy Storage Demonstration Experimental Platform (Daqing Base) announced by the authoritative third party State Power Investment Group Yellow River Company pointed out that the average single-watt power generation of N-type TOPCon modules is the highest, higher than BC. TOPCon modules have excellent power generation capacity and customer value. This will provide customers with a more objective scientific basis for project investment and provide important data support for the selection of large-scale base technology in the current era of parity.
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